Coverage and application

Multiplying these two brings us to the following apple pie.


Here we can see that the coverage through the in the SINAS included projects is almost a third, the NGO's plus projects cover more than half and the private sector a 14% because a very limited number of users is assumed. We could say as well that the bigger projects are more directed to water quality while the smaller are more on the side of water quantity.


Here in the last slide we can see how this worked out over time in Nicaragua. First let us recall that the UNICEF -WHO report earlier mentioned, indicated an increased coverage of less than 10 % during the last ten years in each of the continents Africa (only 3%), Latin America (6%) and Asia (8%). On the left hand side you can see how in 1971 only a small percentage of the rural population had access to a piped water system, the column in sky-blue. The green column represents the population who obtains their water from handdug wells and the red column represents rivers, streams or surface water. Twenty-four years later by '95 there was a percentile increase in coverage through piped water systems, but in numbers there were even more people who depended on not hygienic water sources. The question was how this disperse living population could be reached? The piped water system is only an option for a small part of the rural population. By now in the year 2001, the rope pump is covering an increasing percentage of the rural population (almost 25%, the striped column in front) and the total number of persons who depend on unprotected water sources is decreasing. The yearly increase in coverage is in the range of 3 to 4 % a year only through the rope pump. This is very significant if compared with the earlier mentioned numbers. To conclude, we saw how the state W&S sector plays a very important role through implementation but as well through its policy, including the rope pump as an additional option in rural water supply. This policy plus the technical characteristics of the rope pump made it possible that a wide range of organizations which traditionally are not involved in rural water supply adopted the rope pump and they make a very important contribution in the coverage figures. Last but not least the private sector. This sector is very important as it will be the only market when new production initiatives are started. I like to recall that this was the only market in Nicaragua in the start of the nineties and it is a relative stable market. Thanks for your attention.
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