Coverage and application
Let's have a more precise look at water provision within rural water & sanitation.
The final objective is in this case improved health of the population.
Water affects health mainly through helping or hindering the transmission of communicable diseases.
SLIDE
- Water-borne transmission.
- Water-washed transmission.
- Water-based transmission.
- Water-related insect vector transmission.
Two different strategies.
- Improve the water quality.
- Improve the water quantity
The following classification of water-related illness can be made, based on four different transmission routes:
1- Water-borne transmission.
Water is drunk that contains pathogens, which subsequently infect the host. Water-borne diseases are faecal-oral, they pass from the faeces of one host to the mouth of another. (With exception of the Guinea worm which is water-borne but not faecal-oral.)
2- Water-washed transmission.
Water serves as the positive factor through its use for personal and domestic hygiene. Faecal-oral pathogens are washed away preventing transmission.
3- Water-based transmission.
Parasitic worms residing in water infect host directly through the skin.
4- Water-related insect vector transmission.
Insects (e.g. mosquito's, tsetse flies) breeding in water or biting near water. (E.g. malaria, dengue, filariasis.)
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